Journal: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle

Article Title: Association of Sarcopenia and Lower Bone Density With Positional Vertigo in the Morning: Insights From a Nationwide Survey

doi: 10.1002/jcsm.70219

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flowchart illustrating participant selection and group classification. Participants who completed the dizziness questionnaire, modified Romberg test and DEXA components of the KNHANES 2008–2010 were identified ( n = 10 247). Exclusion criteria were missing covariate data ( n = 914), dizziness types other than morning PV ( n = 583) and failure to meet specific modified Romberg test criteria ( n = 238), leaving a final analytic sample of 8512 participants. Morning PV was identified by a ‘yes’ response to the question, ‘Do you experience vertigo when turning in bed or upon rising?’ Based on PV symptoms and performance on Condition 4 of the modified Romberg test (eyes closed, standing on foam), participants were classified into three groups: morning PV with normal Romberg test results (symptom + passed Condition 4; n = 1192), morning PV with abn Romberg test results (symptom + failed Condition 4; n = 91) and a control group (no symptom + passed Condition 4; n = 7229). abn, abnormal; DEXA, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry; KNHANES, Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; PV, positional vertigo.

Article Snippet: Body composition—including BMD, skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage—was measured using a DEXA Discovery‐W fan‐beam densitometer (Hologic Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA).

Techniques: Selection, Modification, Control